固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定韭菜中16种农药残留

建立了韭菜中16种农药的多残留分析方法。韭菜样本经微波炉加热处理,乙腈提取,新型固相萃取柱Cleanert TPT净化,以气相色谱-质谱-选择离子监测模式测定。结果表明:微波处理、固相萃取净化可以有效去除基质干扰,16种农药在0.02~2 mg/L范围内线性关系良好;在0.01和0.5 mg/kg两个添加水平下的平均回收率分别在84.6%~124.2%和92.4%~98.5%之间,相对标准偏差 (RSD) 均小于20%;16种农药的检出限(LOD)在1~6 μ g/kg范围内。     

Concentration related responses of chlorpyriphos in antioxidant, anaerobic and protein synthesizing machinery of the freshwater fish, Heteropneustes fossilis

Impacts of chlorpyriphos (2, 4, 6 ppm) on the profiles of antioxidant (catalase) and anaerobic (lactate dehydrogenase) enzymes and other macromolecular contents (DNA, RNA, protein) of various tissues of the freshwater fish, Heteropneustes fossilis were studied. Chlorpyriphos significantly decreased the specific activity of catalase (CAT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the brain, liver, gill and skeletal muscle of the fish. The reduction in specific activity might be due to the binding of chlorpyriphos or its metabolites with the enzyme molecules or affecting the synthesis and/or degradation of the enzymes. Like enzymes, the DNA, RNA and protein contents decreased in the brain, liver, gill and skeletal muscle of the fish as a function of increase in chlorpyriphos concentrations (2-6 ppm). The chlorpyriphos-induced reduction in these biochemical constituents might be because of alteration in their turnover (synthesis/degradation) in different tissues. The maximum effects on CAT, LDH, DNA, RNA and protein were obtained in response to 6 ppm chlorpyriphos. The present findings suggest chlorpyriphos concentration related impairment in antioxidative, anaerobic and protein synthesizing capacity of the fish. Therefore, the use of higher concentrations of chlorpyriphos should be avoided to protect the health of economically important freshwater food fish.     

农药有效利用率与喷雾技术优化

提高农药的有效利用率是植保工作者非常关心的问题。本文阐述了农药有效利用率的广义和狭义涵义,并分析了农药使用中存在的药剂浪费、有效利用率低的问题。根据喷雾技术中的“剂量传递”过程,分析了农药有效利用率的狭义涵义,在春季果园和作物苗期,常规喷雾法的农药有效利用率只有20%~30%;在夏秋季果园和作物中后期,随着作物叶面积系数（LAI）的增加,农药的有效利用率可达到50%~60%。论文分析了造成农药有效利用率低的原因,提出喷雾技术的优化措施：（1）大田喷雾时采用机动喷杆喷雾替代背负式手动常规喷雾,可以改善雾滴沉积分布的均匀性;（2）添加喷雾助剂可以提高药液在靶标表面的润湿性;（3）优化雾滴粒径,采用细雾滴替代粗雾滴可以提高雾滴的中靶率;（4）降低施药液量可以减少药液流失;（5）加装挡板可以减少雾滴飘失等。通过以上技术的优化,可以大幅度提高农药的有效利用率,达到减量增效的目的。     

黄柏与茶树复合经营研究

黄柏为我国传统中药材树种,茶树为我国传统饮料树种,两者均为潜山县山区林农收入的重要来源。本文介绍了黄柏与茶树复合经营模式的造林技术、经济效益与生态效益。     

谈园林植物病虫害防治

随着社会经济的发展,园林绿化工作取得了前所未有的成绩,园林植物的生态效益、经济效益、观赏效益日益凸现。与此同时,园林植物病虫害的发生也出现了复杂化、危险化的趋势,对绿地和风景区危害较大。病虫害常常导致园林植物生长衰弱和死亡,影响植物的生长、发育、繁殖及其观赏价值,甚至引起整株死亡,使绿化树种、风景林等林木大片衰败或死亡,从而造成重大的经济损失。在园林生态里,由于人类、植物、有害生物、环境条件和天敌等各组分之间存在着相当复杂的关系,所以其中任何一因子的变动,都会直接或间接地影响整个的城市园林生态系统。那么,在防治上要从生态学观点出发,在管理上创造不利于病虫害发生的条件,减少或不用化学农药,保护天敌,提高自然的控制能力,保持园林生态的稳定和可持续性发展。     

苏云金杆菌防治杨扇舟蛾试验初报

杨扇舟蛾是近年危害洞庭湖区杨树主要的食叶害虫之一,一年发生6～7代.本文采用生物药剂"林得保"(主要成分苏云金杆菌)粉剂防治杨扇舟蛾.试验表明:"林得保"粉剂在施药3 d后,开始显现明显的药理效果,最终防治率达到了95%以上,是一种在杨树食叶害虫防治上值得推广的无公害生物药剂.其喷粉浓度以药剂:填充剂=1:20的效果最...     

仁用杏丰产园主要害虫生物农药无公害防治初探

通过对榆阳区南部丘陵区仁用杏丰产园主要虫害无公害防治试验,总结出了应用石硫合剂、剂灭幼脲、阿维菌素等无公害农药完全可以替代菊酯类、氯化类等高毒农药,实现仁用杏丰产园的无公害防治。     

Singular and interactive effects of blowdown, salvage logging, and wildfire in sub-boreal pine systems

The role of disturbance in structuring vegetation is widely recognized; however, we are only beginning to understand the effects of multiple interacting disturbances on ecosystem recovery and development. Of particular interest is the impact of post-disturbance management interventions, particularly in light of the global controversy surrounding the effects of salvage logging on forest ecosystem recovery. Studies of salvage logging impacts have focused on the effects of post-disturbance salvage logging within the context of a single natural disturbance event. There have been no formal evaluations of how these effects may differ when followed in short sequence by a second, high severity natural disturbance. To evaluate the impact of this management practice within the context of multiple disturbances, we examined the structural and woody plant community responses of sub-boreal Pinus banksiana systems to a rapid sequence of disturbances. Specifically, we compared responses to Blowdown (B), Fire (F), Blowdown-Fire, and Blowdown-Salvage-Fire (BSF) and compared these to undisturbed control (C) stands. Comparisons between BF and BSF indicated that the primary effect of salvage logging was a decrease in the abundance of structural legacies, such as downed woody debris and snags. Both of these compound disturbance sequences (BF and BSF), resulted in similar woody plant communities, largely dominated by Populus tremuloides; however, there was greater homogeneity in community composition in salvage logged areas. Areas experiencing solely fire (F stands) were dominated by P. banksiana regeneration, and blowdown areas (B stands) were largely characterized by regeneration from shade tolerant conifer species. Our results suggest that salvage logging impacts on woody plant communities are diminished when followed by a second high severity disturbance; however, impacts on structural legacies persist. Provisions for the retention of snags, downed logs, and surviving trees as part of salvage logging operations will minimize these structural impacts and may allow for greater ecosystem recovery following these disturbance combinations.     

常用农药对5种昆虫细胞系的毒力测定及分析

自20世纪60年代Grace建立了第一个能够稳定传代的昆虫细胞系以来(Grace,1962),经过几十年的研究和发展,昆虫细胞培养已在细胞系建立、培养技术和方法、昆虫细胞培养技术的利用等方面取得了很大的进展,昆虫细胞被广泛地应用于医学、农学及生物学的各个领域(宋德伟等,2004;张佑红等,2006;Maramorosch et al.,1992)。目前,全世界     

二相流喷雾技术的研究

为了探索设施农业病虫害防治新的施药方法，该文对气液二相流喷雾作了雾化性能与药液物理特性相关性试验，得到了空气压强与气流量、喷雾量、雾滴直径、有效功率、吸液高度、喷口空气过流面积等诸参数之间相互关系，明确了药液粘性和表面张力对雾滴直径、喷雾量的影响程度，其结果为设计二相流喷头提供了依据。